Sperm Banks Free Essays

Genetic defects are the biggest problem when it comes to sperm banks. The greening process that a donor must go through is intentionally designed to be rigorous and exclude any donor that does not meet the high standards. Surprisingly, only one percent of donors are actually accepted nationally. We will write a custom essay sample on Sperm Banks or any similar topic only for you Order Now The screening process involves a health questionnaire, physical exam, medical and infectious disease testing, a thorough sperm quality evaluation, and several in-person interviews with staff at the sperm bank. Repeated physical exams and disease testing are ongoing while the donors are active, which means that the donors must maintain a healthy diet and stay active. Although he sperm bank goes through the screening process, they fail to test for genetic diseases because of the cost. A donor will be asked about any genetic diseases, but to save three hundred dollars, a donor will not be tested for genetic diseases. This is a problem because a child that is born could wind up with a heart problem that was not mentioned in the donor’s profile. If a couple has no warning that there is a genetic defect, they could be very upset due to the suffering and the cost of medical bills. Sperm banks overall could just charge more money for a couple to go through the process and spend he three hundred dollars to have the sperm sample go through the genetic defect testing, to save the heartache of couples that have no idea their child will have a medical problem. Sperm banks create a problem of unknown relative production because most of the time a couple is not aware of who the donor is. Therefore, the donor could be a cousin or family member of the woman that is accepting the sample. Inbreeding results in increased genetic disorders, lower birth rates, higher infant mortality, slower growth rate, smaller adult size, and loss of immune system function. Because a couple is not aware that the sperm sample could be a family member, they would be very surprised if any defects came from the implantation. Lack of diversity in the breeding pool is cause by a woman trying to pick out the best sperm. When a woman goes about the donating process, she has traits for a baby picked out. So if a woman or a group of women continuously pick out the same sperm for one particle man, there will be no diversity in society. Half of the traits will be the same in several children. Donor children eventually producing their own offspring is a major concern also. A woman is also allowed to pick several samples from the same donors in order to have two or three children with the same man. This is going to be a problem because a donor may not have enough samples to appease the quantity the woman or group of women are asking for. So there needs to be a common balance between how many samples from one man are being given out to prevent the breeding pool from being the same. Psychological issues between the family of the child and the donor of the child are bound to abrupt. Currently, the sperm donor is protected by a luaus that is legally binding that allows the donor to show no legal rights if he does not want to. These social issues arise when the donor child grows and begins to understand how they were conceived. Questions such as who is my father, do I have any siblings, and what is my medical history will eventually come about. This may cause a problem between the family, if they feel as though the child is theirs and not the donors. Jealously could even be a problem if the dad doesn’t feel like the biological father. There is also an added concern that the child may never want to find the biological father. The process of sperm donation is very emotional for the family as well. Infants can be sweet and cute, but how will the parents react if there is unforeseen behavior or medical problems? There is always an underlying concern that those problems can arise. A sperm donor could come across issues within his own family if he were to have kids, especially if the donor child was to find out. It would make the donor child feel unwanted and would definitely have a psychological impact on him/her. Overall, the sperm bank process can be very time consuming and costly. Some women may not take the first sample the first time, so they must have a few more samples before getting pregnant. If it takes years to get pregnant, a woman may just give up. The average cost of going through this process is close to ten thousand dollars. Not only is there a set fee, but if a woman wants certain traits or has to get more samples the bill is just getting much bigger. A family must be prepared for the cost and the waiting process of using a sperm bank. Ultimately, there are several things that can go wrong physically, mentally, ND socially; however, there is one story about a Louisiana man being taken to court due to a sperm bank’s mistake. An ex-girlfriend intentionally tricked the sperm bank into giving her the man’s sperm sample, and then took him to court to receive child support on the child. Who’s to say that the sperm bank has not done this several times without it coming out in the open? Maybe a certain bank is not as secretive and is telling the identity of the donors, or not testing the donors properly? Overall, the donor and the couple would really eve to trust the sperm bank that they were doing business with. How to cite Sperm Banks, Papers

Jay Gatsbys dream in The Great Gatsby Essay Example For Students

Jay Gatsbys dream in The Great Gatsby Essay For many The Great Gatsby is not simply a story of the thwarted love between a man and a woman, but a novel that is used to comment on the degeneration of the American dream in an era of prosperity and lavish materialism. The American Dream for the original settlers was concerned equality, freedom, religious utopia and prosperity for the self-made man. Just as on our initial meeting, Gatsby is reaches for the guiding green light sitting on Daisys East Egg dock to lead him to his goal, Fitzgerald suggests the founding fathers reached for the green light of America to guide them to theirs. However the novel indicates the hedonism of 1920s America has corrupted this dream. Whereas in the past it was possible for the likes of Ben Franklin to achieve the Dream, it has now been made an impossibility. Gatsbys aspirations of future glory parallel this notion. Looking from the outside it seems as though Gatsby has essentially achieved the Dream. However Fitzgerald takes us into his world so we can witness what happens when all beliefs are invested into something that is by definition a Dream, a possibility not an actuality. Certainly upon learning of Gatsbys past we truly see he is a self-made man who has achieved self-sufficiency through his own determination. Gatsby grew up as James Gatz of North Dakota the son of unsuccessful farm people. He essentially came from a relatively humble background as a clam digger by comparison to the Gatsby we see in the novel. Even as a young boy he resolved he would succeed: grotesque and fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night. He intensely believed the drums of destiny were to bring future glory, believing he was better than the life he was living. As a result of his determination James Gatz: sprang from his platonic conception of himself. His whole life transpired into his quest to become just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year old would be likely to invent. The true extent of Gatsbys determination is evident upon reading his schedule. It seems Gatsby initially believes if he leads a virtuous life, as depicted by his vigorous timetable, he can succeed in achieving his aspirations. It is symbolic that this was discovered in the back of a copy of Hopalong Cassidy, a fictional character who achieved the American Dream. Moreover, the schedule is a parallel to that of one of the founding fathers of the independent state, Benjamin Franklin, a self-made and self-sufficient character from Americas history who embodies the Dream. Just as Franklin did, Gatsbys intention was to spend hours studying electricity and the need for inventions in order to achieve his dream. By deliberately echoing the well know text Fitzgerald encourages us to infer similarities between them. However Gatsbys schedule markedly differs to that of Franklin in that Gatsbys day lacks any periods of reflection between his long lists of daily activities. Furthermore Gatsby already shows signs of battling against the hurdles his class brings him: No wasting time at Shafters No more smokeing or chewing. This may suggest that from the beginning it will be an uphill struggle for Gatsby to achieve his dream. The significance of Dan Cody in his early days is also important in exploring Gatsbys dream. To Gatsby he embodied the American Dream, being a representative all of that could be achieved. As an American pioneer, a product of the Nebada silverfields, Dan Cody had become many times a millionaire. Gatsbys determination was fuelled by Codys wealth and lavish doings. However it is significant that Cody remained an outsider. He was symbolically at sea, never part of the wealthy class on dry land. This perhaps is again an indication of the flaws in Gatsbys plans too achieve his dream; as his mentor was never truly part of the elite it is not a surprise to see that later Gatsby remains an outsider too. On the face of it the extravagantly ambitious Jay Gatsby does seem to have achieved his dream in terms of material success. Gatsbys home, a mansion on Long Island, is situated on the hot sands of his beach. Additionally Fitzgerald depicts Gatsbys enormous garden and emphasizes the size of his mansion through use of lists of the halls and salons and verandas. This perhaps enables us to infer a little of the wealth of a man able to afford an abode of such a scale and in such a location. Fitzgerald describes his guests his raft his beach his motorboats. Here the extended use of possessive pronoun draws attention to how much he owns. The mass of staff he employs: servants, caterers, gardeners, the butler and the chauffeur again conveys his wealth. The parties that Gatsby holds all through the summer nights also indicate his affluence. The lavish occasions described as a little party by Gatsby entail an orchestra, buffet tables, a bar, cocktail tables and an enormity of guests, highlighted by the list of each and everyone by Fitzgerald. In addition his prosperity is emphasized as his Rolls-Royce became an omnibus at these events. Owning a Rolls Royce is in its own right evidence enough to prove the degree of his wealth. In the 1920s they would have been a status symbol in higher proportions than today as it would have had to be shipped over to America. However the fact that he is not precious about its use, has the effect of highlighting he is so rich that it does not matter. Gatsbys wealth has been used to ensure every last detail of his life is as splendid as he believes it would be for man of the upper class. His library houses not the nice durable card board as one of his guests expected but absolutely real books with pages and everything. Furthermore he has a mass of beautiful shirts sent over for Gatsby by a man in England at the beginning of each season. In one section Gatsby shows them off to Daisy and Nick and a heap mounted of every style, colour, fabric and design that could ever be imagined. However at this point in the novel we perhaps realize that although Gatsby undoubtedly has the material wealth he desires, he perhaps lacks the class and status of a true gentleman. This is also suggested when Tom expresses his incredulous disbelief that Gatsby could possibly be an Oxford man on account of his clothing: Like hell he is! Compare the Ways in which Old Age is Portrayed within Old Man, Old Man and Warning EssayDaisy has membership in a rather distinguished society to which she and Tom belonged. Gatsby simply lacks the security Toms wealth and social status brings to ever incite Daisy to leave the comfort of her relationship with Tom. Fitzgerald described his short story Winter Dreams as a sort of first draft for the Great Gatsby making it interesting to compare with The Great Gatsby in terms of the theme of dreams. As does The Great Gatsby, Winter Dreams follows the attempt of a working class character, Dexter Green, to achieve his dream. Dexter also desires wealth: He wanted not to associate with glittering things and glittering people he wanted the glittering things themselves. Dexter could be seen to be a more realistic character. Gatsby lives for his dream; it is all consuming and visionary whereas Dexter knows his dream will never fully become an actuality. He shows acceptance that he can never be one of the elite but sees their carefree, confident lives as something he wants for his children: he wished his children to be like them carelessness was for his children. Dexter does not need to be as instantly gratified as Gatsby does. Gatsby, in an attempt to achieve his vision, creates a new character and fictional history for himself by telling ludicrous stories about his past and his days at Oxford College. He also resorts in crime to make enough money to impress Daisy. Conversely Dexter does not aspire so high; instead he creates a suitable parentage so that his children may belong with the upper classes. He goes to a famous university in the East and develops his successful businesses through hard work and by overcoming the mysterious denials and prohibitions in which life indulges. In a sense, with respect to achieving status, Gatsby and Dexters experiences are polar. Whereas Gatsby attempts to become one of the elite though he is never accepted by those who were born into the aristocracy, Dexter is successful in associating with those with pedigree though feels himself to be different. Dexters success at mixing with the upper class is illustrated on the golf course, centers for snobbishness, where he plays as equals with those for whom he caddied. Dexters relative success is because he, perhaps like our narrator Nick in the Great Gatsby, has an understanding of the world of the rich and sees himself s different to them: He knew the sort of men they were in one sense, he was better than them. This is a great contrast to Gatsby who is unable to distinguish between what constitutes the tasteful style of old wealth and what is seen to be ostentatious extravagance of the new rich. The contrast is nowhere more apparent than the disparity between each characters wardrobes. Whereas Gatsby wears a pink suit Dexter wears good clothes made by the best tailors. Dexter recognizes that although American pedigree can afford to be carefree he must be careful as to be careless in dress in manner required more confidence than to be careful. Both characters become driven to succeed by a woman. Just as Gatsby strives to create a home for Daisy, the character of Judy Jones motivated Dexter. She played a significant role in changing his life firstly in moving him to give up caddying and secondly as a young wealthy man. Judy Jones becomes an addiction to Dexter as the ecstasy of losing himself in her was opiate. Although both achieve the material wealth they dreamed of neither is completely satisfied without achieving the love of these women. Gaining their love becomes symbolic of their wider dream. However neither Gatsby nor Dexter are able to grasp these women. Ultimately Dexter sees Judy does not live up to his illusion as to her desirability. Judy is in the end unobtainable as she marries and has children. Moreover she fades as she grows older becoming undesirable. Gatsby eventually sees Daisy is equally undesirable and unobtainable. Just as this realization signifies Gatsbys dead dream, Dexters dream was gone. This revelation for Dexter allows him to accept the relationship he had with Judy is in the past: left behind in the country of illusion, of youth, of the richness of life. Gatsbys whole life can ultimately been seen as an attempt to recover loving Daisy. To realize the unworthiness of this aspiration is to realize his whole life has been meaningless. All he is left with is what foul dust floated in the wake of dreams. Subsequently it is true to say Gatsby paid a high price for living with a single dream. At any rate he paid a high price for becoming all consumed in a waking dream, confusing it for what is real. However he may reach for his dream of obtaining Daisy and all she symbolizes, but she will always remain a distant reality because it is not truly Daisy he reaches for, it is his representation of her. Gatsby has instilled Daisy with an idealistic perfection that she cannot possibly attain in reality and pursues her with such passion that he is blind to her limitations. The disintegration of Gatsbys dream of Daisy reveals the corruption that wealth causes and the unworthiness of its goal. Gatsbys dream is effectively used by Fitzgerald to illustrate his belief that the American Dream deteriorates as a result of the amoral pursuit of wealth in the 1920s. Whereas in the past it was possible for the likes of Ben Franklin to succeed, the easy money and relaxed social values of the era have corrupted the American Dream. This is symbolized in the final conclusion of the novel: the trees that had made way for Gatsbys house, had once panderdred in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams. The materialism and decadence of 1920s America that Gatsby and his faux town house represent have destroyed what flowered once for Dutch sailors. Furthermore it has created an aristocracy of the old rich whose elitism prevents anyone from truly attaining the Dream. Fitzgerald suggests that reaching for the American Dream is like reaching for the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes us. Gatsby had complete aspirations of the impossible; effectively he was attempting recreate the past he did not know it was already behind him.

Unit 3 P3 Health and Social Care Essay Example

Unit 3 P3: Health and Social Care Essay A risk assessment is a plan put in place to reduce the risk of harm occurring, it aims to identify potential risks to the health, safety or security of a care practitioner. Risk assessments have to be held under the health and safety at work act and Management of Health and Safety Regulations 1999. It is a lawful document and if not carried out care organisations can face prosecution. The HSE (health and safety executive) can request risk assessments at any time to make sure they are being done and are up to standard and are being held out correctly. It is an examination of the work place looking for potential risks although it is the employers responsibility, it is always community based work, all employees must be alert to the hazard, understand the risks associated with them and must be able to report any health and safety concerns they may have. The risk assessment is made up of five stages, firstly you should identify any hazards that are a risk to health this could be anything from the equipment used to the working conditions. Then you must consider the people who could be harmed by the hazard and how. You then must evaluate the risk and decide whether the precautions already in place are adequate or whether more should be done to prevent harm. You should then record your findings and include a detailed plan of action that you are going to take and finally review your assessment and revise if necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 3 P3: Health and Social Care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 3 P3: Health and Social Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 3 P3: Health and Social Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another part of the risk assessment is determining the likelihood and severity of the hazard. This is on a scale of 1 to 5 for likelihood 1 meaning it is not very likely to happen up to 5 being very likely to happen. For severity 1.could be a plaster may have to be administrated 2. Stiches being applied 3. A broken arm or an accident which may take a few weeks to heal from 4. A broken leg or serious injury that over time will heal and 5. A permanent disability or death.

Auroch Prehistoric Mammal Facts and Figures

Auroch Prehistoric Mammal Facts and Figures Name: Auroch (German for original ox); pronounced OR-ock Habitat: Plains of Eurasia and northern Africa Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-500 years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet high and one ton Diet: Grass Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; prominent horns; larger males than females About the Auroch Sometimes it seems that every contemporary animal had a plus-sized megafauna ancestor during the Pleistocene epoch. A good example is the Auroch, which was pretty much identical to modern oxen with the exception of its size: this dino-cow weighed about a ton, and one imagines that the males of the species were significantly more aggressive than modern bulls. (Technically, the Auroch is classified as Bos primigenius, placing it under the same genus umbrella as modern cattle, to which its directly ancestral.) The Auroch is one of the few prehistoric animals to be commemorated in ancient cave paintings, including a famous drawing from Lascaux in France dating to about 17,000 years ago. As you might expect, this mighty beast figured on the dinner menu of early humans, who played a large part in driving the Auroch into extinction (when they werent domesticating it, thus creating the line that led to modern cows). However, small, dwindling populations of Aurochs survived well into modern times, the last known individual dying in 1627. One little-known fact about the Auroch is that it actually comprised three separate subspecies. The most famous, Bos primigenius primigenius, was native to Eurasia, and is the animal depicted in the Lascaux cave paintings. The Indian Auroch, Bos primigenius namadicus, was domesticated a few thousand years ago into what are now known as Zebu cattle, and the North African Auroch (Bos primigenius africanus) is the most obscure of the three, likely descended from a population native to the Middle East. One historical description of the Auroch was written by, of all people, Julius Caesar, in his History of the Gallic War: These are a little below the elephant in size, and of the appearance, color, and shape of a bull. Their strength and speed are extraordinary; they spare neither man nor wild beast which they have espied. These the Germans take with much pains in pits and kill them. The young men harden themselves with this exercise and practice themselves in this sort of hunting, and those who have slain the greatest number of them, having produced the horns in public, to serve as evidence, receive great praise. Back in the 1920s, a pair of German zoo directors hatched a scheme to resurrect the Auroch via the selective breeding of modern cattle (which share virtually the same genetic material as Bos primigenius, albeit with some important traits suppressed). The result was a breed of oversized oxen known as Heck cattle, which, if not technically Aurochs, at least provide a clue to what these ancient beasts must have looked like. Still, hopes for the resurrection of the Auroch persist, via a proposed process called de-extinction.

A Study About Archimedes History Essay

A Study About Archimedes History Essay Archimedes, also known as Archimedes of Syracuse was born in Syracuse, Sicily in 287 BC. The exact date of his birth is not known, but the commonly accepted date of 287 BC derives from a statement given by 12th century historian John Tzetzes in that Archimedes had lived for 75 years. Sadly like his exact date of birth, the exact details of the life of Archemides have been lost to history. In one of Archimedes works entitled The Sand Reckoner, he gives his father’s name as Phidias and says he was an astronomer. Other than this one account, nothing more is definitively known about his parents or family history. The Greek historian and biographer Plutarch claimed Archimedes was related to the ruler of Syracuse, King Hiero II, in his work Parallel Lives, though whether this is accurate has never been substantiated. History lost what could have been the greatest chance to know the definitive history of Archimedes when a biography of Archimedes written by one of his friend was los t to history like so much else relating to Archimedes life, leaving historian to have to piece together Archimedes life from what little accounts survived. Simple things like whether Archimedes ever married or had children may never been known. It is believed that Archimedes may have studied in Alexandria, Egypt in his youth, where he would have been contemporaries with the likes of Greek astronomer and mathematicians Conon of Samos and Eratosthenes of Cyrene. This conclusion is reached from Archimedes himself referring to Conon of Samos as his friend, and two of his works having had introductions addressed to Eratosthenes. Archimedes died 212BC when Roman forces captured the city of Syracuse during the Second Punic War. Like nearly everything else about Archimedes life, the exact circumstances of his death are not known for sure. The Greek historian Plutarch presented three different accounts of Archimedess final moments. In one version Archimedes was contemplating a mathematical diagram when the city was captured. Archimedes was commanded by a Roman soldier to come and meet the general of the Roman forces but Archimedes declined, saying that he couldnt leave until he had finished his work. The soldier was so enraged by his refusal that he slew Archimedes with his sword. In another version the Roman soldier had intended to kill Archimedes, and despite Archimedes plea to him to allow him to finish what he was working on so as to not leave his work eternally incomplete, the soldier kills him anyway. In yet a third account by Plutarch, Archimedes was carrying mathematical instruments, and was killed by the Roman soldier because he thought that they were gold. The general of the Roman army was reportedly greatly angered by the news of Archimedes death, as he considered him to have been a valuable scientific asset. Archimedes was laid to rest in a tomb with a sculpture of a sphere and a cylinder of the same height and diameter, an illustration of his mathematical proof that the volume and surface area of the sphere are two thirds that of the cylinder including its bases.

Anselm's Proslogion, Chapter II--The Ontological Proof of God Essay

Anselm's Proslogion, Chapter II--The Ontological Proof of God - Essay Example However, to maintain the position, the atheist would have to add another attribute, that of â€Å"existing in reality,† to supposedly make it the â€Å"greatest possible being†. It is just as if someone had claimed 7 to be the â€Å"largest possible number†; you could always add a number to make it greater. And when an atheist does add the attribute of existence, then he is no longer an atheist. This is a brief summary of the ontological argument. The immediate response this argument received was from Gaunilo of Marmoutiers, a Benedictine monk, who predictably flipped the tables and applied the same set of arguments to prove the existence of the Lost Island, in order to demonstrate how the argument is fundamentally flawed. However, the argument was critiqued on the grounds that the very concept of â€Å"the greatest conceivable being† does not apply to Islands, or any objects as such, and that it applies to God alone. One of the popular criticisms of St. Anselm’s argument is theological, proposed by St. Thomas Aquinas in Summa Theologica, who questioned the soundness of the initial premise of Anselm’s argument, stating one cannot possibly know the essence of God; ergo it is beyond humanly possible to adequately consider that premise. He also strikes a major blow to the first premise, pointing out that not everyone necessarily conceives God to be the ‘greatest possible being’, seeing that some have believed God to be a body. The criticism leveled by St. Thomas Aquinas was so strong, that it was said to have laid the argument dormant for centuries. David Hume also leveled a criticism against cosmological argument in his work Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, which broadly applies to the Ontological Argument as well. Hume stated that existence of something cannott be established based on a priori reasoning. And whatever we

Events management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Events management - Assignment Example Some of the temporary facilities include Horse Guards Parade and Hyde Park (Rosner & Shropshire 2010). The new facilities that were used as venues have been maintained, some have been resized, and others relocated. In order to have a successful event, a committee known as London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games was formed in order to oversee the whole process of conducting the Olympic Games (Rhatigan & Haley 2012). This team was charged with the responsibility of building infrastructures and venues of the event. On the other hand, the government had its own body known as Government Olympic Executive that was responsible for supervising the massive billions of pounds that were poured to fund the event. It is worth noting that the committees did an exemplary job in making the London 2012 a success. Several companies bankrolled the London 2012. Some of the main sponsors of the event included Coca-Cola, Acer, Adidas, Atos, Omega, Panasonic, Samsung, McDonald’s, P&G, among others (Cotgreave 2012). Lastly, London 2012 had a tight security led by the police. There were over ten thousand officers who received support from thirteen thousand five hundred members of the armed forces. The police officers ensured that the participants as well as the members of the public who attended the event were safe (Barden 2008). It is reported that massive funds was pumped to beef up security during the Olympic Games. Cotgreave, A., 2012. London 2012 Olympic sponsors list: who are they and what have they paid? The Guardian. Available at: